The answer is: D
Explanation
The correct option is D: all of the above.
Sapinda relationship means extended relationships through generations, such as father, grandfather, etc. According to the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955, sapinda relationship extends as far as the third generation in the line of ascent through mother, and the fifth generation in the line of ascent through father. Therefore, sapinda relationship includes relationship by half or uterine blood, full blood, and adoption, as long as they share a common ancestor within the specified degrees. Sapinda relationship is one of the essential conditions of a valid Hindu marriage, and marriages between sapindas are prohibited unless permitted by a valid custom or usage.