Explanation
Hypophysis is the alternate name of the pituitary gland.
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is an endocrine gland located at the base of the brain, below the hypothalamus. It is divided into two main parts: the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary produces and secretes several hormones, including growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. The posterior pituitary stores and releases two hormones produced by the hypothalamus, oxytocin and vasopressin.
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the neck, which produces and secretes thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism. The thymus gland is a small endocrine gland located in the upper chest, which produces and secretes hormones that play a role in the development and function of the immune system. The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland located in the brain that produces and secretes the hormone melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Pituitary
