Explanation
The correct answer is (d) All of the above.
Carpets, rugs, and curtains can contribute to indoor pollution due to various reasons:
(a) They can contain or emit lead oxide, which is a toxic substance. Lead oxide can be present in dyes or pigments used in the manufacturing of carpets and curtains. When these materials deteriorate or become damaged, lead oxide particles can be released into the air and pose a health risk when inhaled.
(b) Carpets, rugs, and curtains can harbor dust. Over time, these materials can accumulate dust particles, including allergens such as dust mites, pet dander, pollen, and other airborne pollutants. When disturbed, the dust can become airborne and negatively affect indoor air quality.
(c) They can harbor spores of bacteria and fungi. Moisture or high humidity can promote the growth of bacteria and fungi on carpets, rugs, and curtains. These microorganisms can release spores into the air, which can trigger allergies or respiratory problems when inhaled by individuals sensitive to them.
Therefore, all of the given options (a), (b), and (c) can contribute to indoor pollution caused by carpets, rugs, and curtains.
