Explanation
Osmotic pressure will be highest in option B: Halophytes.
Osmotic pressure is the pressure exerted by the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration. Halophytes are plants that are adapted to grow in high-salinity environments, such as salt marshes, mangrove swamps, and coastal regions.
In these environments, the soil or water may have a high concentration of salt, which can create a strong osmotic gradient between the plant's root cells and the surrounding environment. This can lead to a higher osmotic pressure within the plant's cells as they work to balance the concentration of water and salt.
Xerophytes are plants that are adapted to grow in dry environments, such as deserts. They have adaptations that help them conserve water, such as thick waxy cuticles, reduced leaves, and deep root systems. While xerophytes may also experience osmotic stress due to the low availability of water, their osmotic pressure may not necessarily be higher than that of other plants.
Lithophytes are plants that grow on rocks, and mesophytes are plants that grow in moderate or normal moisture conditions. While they may also experience osmotic stress under certain conditions, they are not necessarily adapted to high-salinity environments like halophytes.
Therefore, option B: Halophytes is the correct answer.
