Explanation
The correct answer is (b) Smog formation.
An inversion of temperature refers to a situation where the normal temperature profile of the atmosphere is inverted, meaning that temperature increases with height instead of decreasing as it typically does. Inversions of temperature can occur under certain atmospheric conditions, such as during calm, clear nights or in valleys surrounded by mountains.
When an inversion of temperature occurs, it can lead to the phenomenon of smog formation. Smog is a type of air pollution that consists of a mixture of pollutants, including nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter. During an inversion, the warm air above traps cooler air and pollutants near the ground, preventing their dispersion and leading to the accumulation of pollutants in a relatively stagnant layer.
The trapped pollutants undergo chemical reactions in the presence of sunlight, resulting in the formation of smog. Smog is characterized by a hazy appearance and can have detrimental effects on human health, causing respiratory problems and eye irritation.
Therefore, the correct answer is (b) Smog formation.
