Explanation
The correct answer is D: The whole council of ministers has to resign.
If a no-confidence motion is passed against one minister in India, it does not necessarily mean that the minister in question will have to resign. However, if a no-confidence motion is passed against the entire council of ministers, including the Prime Minister, then the council of ministers has to resign collectively.
According to the Indian Constitution, the council of ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, which is the lower house of the Indian Parliament. If a no-confidence motion is passed against the council of ministers, it means that the majority of the members of the Lok Sabha have expressed their lack of confidence in the council of ministers as a whole. In such a scenario, the council of ministers, including the Prime Minister, is expected to resign.
If a no-confidence motion is passed against a single minister, the minister may choose to resign, but it is not mandatory. The decision to resign or not lies with the minister in question, and the Prime Minister may choose to ask the minister to resign if he or she feels that it is necessary to maintain the credibility of the government.
